Classification of Offences

CrPC classifies offences in several overlapping ways, each carrying distinct procedural consequences.

• Kinds of offences: There are two kinds of offences under CrPC — offences under the PPC and offences under other/special laws.
• Classifications recognized under CrPC:
• Cognizable & Non-cognizable
• Summons cases & Warrant cases
• Bailable & Non-bailable

(All of these classifications exist under the Code.)

• Bailable offence: One shown as bailable in the 2nd Schedule to the Code.
• Bail as of right: In bailable offences, bail is claimed as a matter of right (not concession/discretion).
• Cognizable offence: An offence where police can arrest without warrant in accordance with the 2nd Schedule of CrPC or under any other law for the time being in force (Both).
• Non-cognizable offence: Police cannot arrest without warrant; arrest requires a warrant from a Magistrate.