Qatl Illustrations & Special/Local Law
- "Voluntarily" (s.39): A person causes an effect voluntarily when he causes it by means whereby he intended to cause it, or knew it was likely — illustrated by a person setting fire at night intending robbery who thereby, without intending it, causes death: he causes that death voluntarily because he knew it was likely.
- "Offence" (s.40): A thing made punishable by this Code.
- Special law (s.41): A law applicable to a particular subject.
- Local law (s.42): A law applicable only to a particular part of Pakistan.
- Classic illustration: Ajmal aims at a deer, misses, and kills a bystander (Zaheer) — this is Qatl-i-khata (death caused by mistake), not qatl-e-amd.