Qisas, Diyat, Tazir & Arsh – Core Concepts
- Qisas: Causing similar hurt at the same part of the body of the convict as he caused to the victim (the principle of "like for like").
- Tazir: Punishment not fixed by the legislature but left to the discretion of the Court; defined as any punishment other than Qisas, Diyat, Arsh, or Daman.
- Daman: Compensatory punishment inflicted when causing hurt is not liable to Arsh (or Diyat); the amount is determined by the Court.
- "Adult" (s.299(a)): A person who has attained the age of 18 years.
- "Authorized medical officer" (s.299(c)): A medical officer/board authorized by the Provincial Government.
- "Daman" (s.299(D)): Compensation determined by the court, payable by the offender for causing hurt not liable to Arsh.
- Ikrah-e-tam: Duress that puts a person (or spouse/blood relations within prohibited degrees) in fear of instant death, instant permanent impairment of an organ, or instant fear of zina-bil-jabr/sodomy.
- Ikrah-e-naqis: Any form of duress not amounting to Ikrah-e-tam.