Administration of Justice: Qazi, Mufti, and Evidence

The judicial structure relies on distinct roles and evidentiary rules.

• Office of Qazi: No clear specified tenure is fixed in Islamic law, but Imam Abu Hanifa opined that a Qazi should leave office after 1 year.
• Gender as a Judge: According to Hanafis, a woman may be appointed as a Qadi, whereas other schools differ. The restriction according to some jurists is linked directly to the question of law.
• Tahkim: Means arbitration.
• Mufti: Historically, the formal status of a Mufti was that of a legislator.
• Evidence: In civil matters, there is no fixed number of witnesses except within financial matters, where two competent witnesses must be produced.