Legal Capacity (Ahliyyah) and Legal Impediments

Legal capacity governs a person's capability to bear rights and obligations.

• Ahliyyah: Defined as the ability or fitness to acquire rights and exercise them, and to accept duties and perform them.
• Divisions: Divided into Ahliyya al-wujoob (capacity for acquisition) and Ahliyya al-ada (capacity for execution/performance).
• Child Capacity (Sabi): A child possesses a complete capacity for acquisition of rights and obligations, but until actual or legal puberty, they lack the capacity for execution.
• Zakat Liability: A Sabi is liable for the payment of zakat across schools, EXCEPT in the opinion of the Hanafi school.
• Impediments: Junun is the explicit technical legal term used to denote insanity.