Qiyas (Analogical Deduction)

Qiyas provides solutions for modern issues based on existing primary rules.

• Definition: Qiyas means analogical deduction.
• Classification: It is classified as a secondary type of source.
• Elements: There are 4 elements of Qiyas: (1) Asl (اصل - original case), (2) Far' (فرع - new case), (3) Illah (علت - effective cause), and (4) Hukm (حکم - legal rule).
• Application: In the Holy Quran, only Khumr (wine) is expressly prohibited, but all intoxicant materials are prohibited by applying the principle of Qiyas.
• Rejection: Qiyas as a source of law was explicitly rejected by the Zahiri school and the Jafari school.