What does the Privileged Communications & State Secrets lesson include?

Core Rule: No Judge or Magistrate can be compelled to answer questions regarding their own conduct in court, or anything that came to their knowledge as a judge, except upon the Special Order of a Superior Court (a court to which they are subordinate).
The Presence Exception: A Judge or Magistrate may be examined as to other matters/crimes that occurred in their presence while they were acting.

State Secrets (Article 6): No one is permitted to give evidence derived from unpblished official records relating to the affairs of State without permission from the head of the department.
Commercial Coverage (The Correction): "Official records relating to the affairs of State" includes documents concerning industrial or commercial activities carried on directly or indirectly by the Federal or Provincial Government, corporations, or statutory bodies.
Official Confidence (Article 7): No Public officer shall be compelled to disclose communications made to them in official confidence if they believe public interests would suffer.

General Rule: An advocate cannot disclose any client communications or advice given during employment unless they have the express permission of his client.
Third-Party Documents (Article 14): No one can be compelled to produce documents in their possession which another person could refuse to produce, unless that last-mentioned person consents to their production.
The Illegal Purpose Exception (Article 9): Legal privilege does not protect any communication made in furtherance of an illegal/criminal purpose.

Core Rule: A witness shall not be excused from answering a relevant question in a case on the ground that the answer will criminate them (subject them to a penalty/forfeiture). They must answer.

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